Chemical Engineering involves large-scale industrial processes that convert raw materials – by physical or chemical change – into products with higher economic and social value. For example, coal, petroleum, natural gas, vegetation and microorganisms are converted into fuels and chemicals.

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering involves the engineering principles required to concentrate, extract and refine metals, materials and carbon (coal) materials, as well as to develop new alloys and materials, including ceramics and composites.